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Manaruko Journal is an Open Access Journal. The authors who publish the manuscript in this journal agree to the following terms:

Manaruko Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. This permits anyone to copy, redistribute, remix, transmit and adapt the work provided the original work and source is appropriately cited.

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(1) Under the CC-BY license, authors retain ownership of the copyright for their article, but authors grant others permission to use the content of publications in Manaruko Journal in whole or in part provided that the original work is properly cited. Users (redistributors) of Manaruko Journal are required to cite the original source, including the author's names, Manaruko Journal as the initial source of publication, year of publication, volume number, issue, and Digital Object Identifier (DOI); (2) Authors grant Manaruko Journal the right of first publication. Although authors remain the copyright owner.